42,884 research outputs found
Gainsharing: A Critical Review and a Future Research Agenda
This paper provides a critical review of the extensive literature on gainsharing. It examines the reasons for the fast growth in these programs in recent years and the major prototypes used in the past. Different theoretical formulations making predictions about the behavioral consequences and conditions mediating the success of these programs are discussed and the supporting empirical evidence is examined. The large number of a theoretical case studies and practitioner reports or gainsharing are also summarized and integrated. The article concludes with a suggested research agenda for the future
Do CEOs Ever Lose? Fairness Perspective on the Allocation of Residuals Between CEOs and Shareholders
In this study we introduce a justice perspective to examining the result of bargaining between CEOs and boards over the allocation of firm residuals that ultimately determines CEO compensation. Framing CEO pay as the result of bargaining between CEOs and boards focuses attention on the power of CEOs to increase their share of firm residuals in the form of increased compensation, and the diligence of boards of directors to constrain CEO opportunism. Framing this negotiation through a theory of justice offers an alternative perspective to the search for pay-performance sensitivity. We predict and find that as board diligence in controlling opportunism declines and CEO power increases, CEOs are increasingly able to capture a larger portion of firm residuals relative to shareholders. This finding supports critics who charge that CEO pay violates norms of distributive and procedural justice
Heat Fluctuations in Brownian Transducers
Heat fluctuation probability distribution function in Brownian transducers
operating between two heat reservoirs is studied. We find, both analytically
and numerically, that the recently proposed Fluctuation Theorem for Heat
Exchange [C. Jarzynski and D. K. Wojcik, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 230602 (2004)]
has to be modified when the coupling mechanism between both baths is
considered. We also extend such relation when external work is present. Our
work fixes the domain of applicability of the theorem in more realistic
operating systems.Comment: Comments are welcom
Large Shell Model Calculations for Calcium Isotopes: Spectral Statistics and Chaos
We perform large shell model calculations for Calcium isotopes in the full fp
shell by using the realistic Kuo-Brown interaction. The Calcium isotopes are
especially interesting because the nearest-neighbour spacing distribution P(s)
of low-lying energy levels shows significant deviations from the predictions of
the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble of random--matrix theory. This contrasts with
other neighbouring nuclei which show fully chaotic spectral distributions. We
study the chaotic behaviour as a function of the excitation energy. In
addition, a clear signature of chaos suppression is obtained when the
single-particle spacings are increased. In our opinion the relatively weak
strength of the neutron-neutron interaction is unable to destroy the regular
single-particle mean-field motion completely. In the neighbouring nuclei with
both protons and neutrons in valence orbits, on the other hand, the stronger
proton-neutron interaction would appear to be sufficient to destroy the regular
mean-field motion.Comment: Latex, 7 pages, 2 postscript figures, to be published in the
Proceedings 'Highlights of Modern Nuclear Structure', S. Agata sui due Golfi
(italy), Ed. A. Covello (World Scientific
Nonintegrable Schrodinger Discrete Breathers
In an extensive numerical investigation of nonintegrable translational motion
of discrete breathers in nonlinear Schrodinger lattices, we have used a
regularized Newton algorithm to continue these solutions from the limit of the
integrable Ablowitz-Ladik lattice. These solutions are shown to be a
superposition of a localized moving core and an excited extended state
(background) to which the localized moving pulse is spatially asymptotic. The
background is a linear combination of small amplitude nonlinear resonant plane
waves and it plays an essential role in the energy balance governing the
translational motion of the localized core. Perturbative collective variable
theory predictions are critically analyzed in the light of the numerical
results.Comment: 42 pages, 28 figures. to be published in CHAOS (December 2004
Spectral Statistics in Large Shell Model Calculations
The spectral statistics of low--lying states of shell nuclei are studied
by performing large shell--model calculations with a realistic nuclear
interaction. For isotopes, we find deviations from the predictions of the
random--matrix theory which suggest that some spherical nuclei are not as
chaotic in nature as the conventional view assumes.Comment: 9 pages, LaTex, 3 figures available upon request, to appear in
Proceedings of the V International Spring Seminar on Nuclear Physics, Ed. by
A. Covello (World Scientific
Tracing out the Northern Tidal Stream of the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheoridal Galaxy
The main aim of this paper is to report two new detections of tidal debris in
the northern stream of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy located at 45 arcdeg and 55
arcdeg from the center of galaxy. Our observational approach is based on deep
color-magnitude diagrams, that provides accurate distances, surface brightness
and the properties of stellar population of the studied region of this tidal
stream. The derived distances for these tidal debris wraps are 45 kpc and 54
kpc respectively.We also confirm these detections with numerical simulations of
the Sagittarius dwarf plus the Milky Way. The model reproduces the present
position and velocity of the Sagittarius main body and presents a long tidal
stream formed by tidal interaction with the Milky Way potential. This model is
also in good agreement with the available observations of the Sagittarius tidal
stream. We also present a method for estimating the shape of the Milky Way halo
potential using numerical simulations. From our simulations we obtain an
oblateness of the Milky Way dark halo potential of 0.85, using the current
database of distances and radial velocities of the Sagittarius tidal stream.
The color-magnitude diagram of the apocenter of Sagittarius shows that this
region of the stream shares the complex star formation history observed in the
main body of the galaxy. We present the first evidence for a gradient in the
stellar population along the stream, possibly correlated with its different
pericenter passages. (abridged)Comment: 43 pages (including 15 figures; for high resolution color figures,
please contact [email protected]). Submitted to Ap
3He-rich SEP Events Observed by STEREO-A
Using the SIT (Suprathermal Ion Telescope) instrument on STEREO-A we have
examined the abundance of the rare isotope 3He during the rising activity phase
of solar cycle 24 between January 2010 and December 2011. We have identified
six solar energetic particle (SEP) events with enormous abundance enhancements
of 3He (3He/4He >1). The events were short lasting, typically ~0.5-1 day and
most of them occurred in association with high-speed solar wind streams and
corotating interaction regions. With one exception the events were not
associated with ~100 keV solar electron intensity increases. The events showed
also enhanced NeS/O and Fe/O ratios. The solar images indicate that the events
were generally associated with the active regions located near a coronal hole.Comment: accepted for publication in AIP Conference Proceedings for
'Thirteenth International Solar Wind Conference
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